A Unix timestamp (also called epoch time) is the number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC. It is the universal standard for representing time in computing systems.
Why Unix timestamp?
Before Unix time, every system used different date formats and timezones — making date arithmetic across systems a nightmare. Unix time solves this by storing a single integer that is unambiguous anywhere in the world. Converting to a local timezone happens at display time, not at storage time.
Key Unix timestamps
| Timestamp | Date |
|---|---|
0 |
1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (epoch) |
1000000000 |
2001-09-09 01:46:40 UTC |
1234567890 |
2009-02-13 23:31:30 UTC |
1700000000 |
2023-11-14 22:13:20 UTC |
2147483647 |
2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC (32-bit max) |
9999999999 |
2286-11-20 17:46:39 UTC |
The Year 2038 problem
32-bit systems store Unix timestamps as a signed 32-bit integer, which maxes out at 2,147,483,647 — January 19, 2038. After that, it overflows to a large negative number. Modern 64-bit systems don't have this problem (their overflow is ~292 billion years from now), but embedded systems and older databases may still be affected.
Seconds vs milliseconds
Many systems (JavaScript, Java, Android) use milliseconds instead of seconds. A millisecond timestamp is roughly 1000x larger:
- Seconds:
1700000000(10 digits) - Milliseconds:
1700000000000(13 digits)
If a timestamp has 13 digits, divide by 1000 to get seconds. Our converter auto-detects this.
How to convert Unix timestamp online
Timestamp → Date:
- Go to Unix Timestamp Converter
- Enter the timestamp in the input field
- Select your timezone from the dropdown
- The human-readable date and time appears instantly
Date → Timestamp:
- Switch to the Date → Timestamp tab
- Enter a date and time
- Select your timezone
- The Unix timestamp in both seconds and milliseconds is shown
Using Unix timestamps in code
// JavaScript — current timestamp in seconds
Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000)
// JavaScript — current timestamp in milliseconds
Date.now()
// Convert timestamp to Date object
new Date(1700000000 * 1000)
// Python
import time
int(time.time())